The Romantic And Classic Ages Of European Music - 1015 Words

Music is widely considered to be the least rational of the arts, and thus the one least openly associated with fundamentals of the outside world; all the same, musicians of considerable significance have been both consciously and subconsciously molded by the environment in which they reside and as such they may interpret and bring the world to life in the language of music. The Romantic and Classic ages of European music can be simply put as the period of time between the deaths of Ludwig Van Beethoven in 1827, and that of Gustav Mahler in 1911. Despite this convenient partition, history has never been one to divide itself so precisely. There were certainly early makings of Romanticism well before 1827, and after 1911. So a better time†¦show more content†¦One of the emerging voices of the era was a French composer named Jean-Jacques Rousseau, who, along with his followers, expressed the idea that both progress and science were taking mankind away from their natural roots, and nature had all of the makings of a simpler life. Vivaldi, in the Four Seasons, and Beethoven, in the Pastoral Symphony, also depict nature or natural phenomena as a part of everyday life; depicting it sometimes pleasant, while other times annoying, and even, at times, rather terrifying. In this romantic mentality, nature was viewed as a mysterious and independent, yet awe inspiring force. This new found connection with nature provided a foundation of inspiration, as well as beauty and truth; and is one of the major themes of Romanticism. The form in which Romantic music first visibly manifested itself was through hymn, both voice and piano; these pieces were almost always quite simple, sounding most closely to folk music, and were usually referred to by the name Lied. Further, these songs were usually strictly Strophic, which simply means that they divided into verses which are repeated without variation until the entire song has been sung. Mozart and Beethoven, are two of more famous Composers, who wrote many such Lieder (plural of Lied); which were often lovely works, but in no way represented major

Vietnam’s Inflation Free Essays

Vietnam’s government is set to raise electricity prices by 15% on Tuesday, at a time when the population is already struggling with a soaring cost of living. Last week the Vietnamese government also raised the retail prices of oil products by as much as 24%. In February, inflation hit a two-year high of 12. We will write a custom essay sample on Vietnam’s Inflation or any similar topic only for you Order Now 31%. Analysts say despite the government’s measures to tighten monetary policy, price pressures are likely to continue. â€Å"The increases in energy, electricity and petroleum indicate that we are going to see inflation get a little worse despite the shift in government policy,† said Christian de Guzman of Moody’s Investor Group. Overheating For years the Vietnamese government has kept a loose interest rate policy and subsidized lending in order to boost growth. The government expects the economy to expand as much as 7. 5%, up from 6. 8% in 2010. But the cost of that rapid pace is that the economy has started to show signs of overheating. Credit rating agencies cut the country’s sovereign-credit rating last year. Inflation fears have also caused a sell-off in Vietnamese markets. Vietnam’s benchmark stock index has slid 6. 7% in the past year. The Vietnamese government was focused on growth at all costs,† said Mr de Guzman. â€Å"By the middle of last year they had already reached their inflation target but then they continued to pursue other macroeconomic policy targets like credit growth and gross domestic product growth,† he said. Fighting inflation But since the beginning of this year, the government seems to have shifted its policies towards stabilizing prices. Last week the Vie tnamese government announced a set of measures to curb inflation. Electricity prices have been raised in an effort to reduce budget spending The central bank recently raised the cost of borrowing. It increased the benchmark refinance rate by 2 percentage points from 9% to 11%. The government has also vowed to reduce government debt. To that effect, it cut the budget-deficit target to less than 5% of gross domestic product, from 5. 3%. Reducing government spending on subsidies for fuel and electricity are also part of that plan. â€Å"In order to stave off inflation, they want to cut back on subsidies. It does alleviate some of the pressure on the budget,† said Mr de Guzman. Dong devaluation The other major strain on the Vietnamese economy is the currency. The central bank devalued the dong against the US dollar by 8. 5%. It is the latest in a series of devaluations the government has implemented to reduce the risk of a shortfall in foreign currency reserves. However, that will lead to higher import costs, which in turn, could again increase inflationary pressures. How to cite Vietnam’s Inflation, Papers

okay.doc Essay Example For Students

okay.doc Essay Okay, on to CLSA. Heres a base case on why CLSA/e Equity Access nixedSybase ASE 11.9 for Microsoft SQL Server 2000 on their research database. Problem to solve:=================Provide a mechanism that will enable secure electronic contribution andstorage of information related to equity research data, as well as, amechanism to enable secure electronic distribution of the information storedin a repository or data warehouse. Factors affecting the implementationincluded:* Providing access to the mechanisms via intranet and internet connectivity* Ensuring the contribution / storage / notification process can beperformed in ; 5seconds once the information has been submitted forconfirmation* Ensuring performance (i.e., user response time) as it relates to thedistribution of information can be performed in ; 5 seconds once requested* The contribution function must support no less than 1000 simultaneoususers located in 15 countries. * The distribution mechanism must support not less than 2,000,000simultaneous users located in 57 countries. * Rapid startup time (3 months for a prototype 9 months for production)Those were my requirements --The issues:=================Our parent firm was already using a home-grown research database forcontribution and distribution of 400 GB of research information. It wassuggested that we copy their setup and code to meet our rapid startuprequirement. Our parent firm had implemented a Sybase ASE 11.9 database running onhigh-end HP Unix servers (hp superdome with 256GB memory with a 2000GB (2TB)mirrored storage array)engineered for large-scale databases. This high-endarchitecture is ideal for the specific demands of online transactionprocessing workloads and high availability (never goes down). Unfortunately,the whole setup is very expensive and very centralized (Hong Kong). In orderto meet their performance criteria, they resorted to distributing all orparts of the database across multiple servers in different time zones. Thiswas very expensive solution to maintain because of the database licensing,hardware, communication costs associated with distributing the data, andpersonnel to support the distributed databases (3 databases x 55 tables ineach database x 4 countries). We were starting with 6 countries and over 100,000 simultaneous users. Theparent solution cost would have an initial capital expenditure of $4,200,000and a run rate of $46,000 per month (to start). Our budget to start was somewhere around $125,000 (not including personnel). -This is how I make a living ==============================Using a copy of Microsoft SQL Server 2000, I prototyped the database andsupporting structures (indexes, stored procs, tables, etc) in two weeksusing our parent firm and another successful internet-based researchsupplier as templates for our base service. The license for the software was$900, and the server was already being used for other non-production work. SQL Server license was free because we already had a development license. I set SQL (ANSI SQL-92), JAVA (J2EE), Javascript, XML, and HTLM as thebaseline for our standards for development. Notepad was the developmenttool. I picked up a free evaluation copy of ColdFusion 5.0 for themiddleware components and downloaded JDK 1.3 from Sun.com for the Javadevelopment environment. The majority of the database activity revolves around a master transactiontable for collecting and distributing data. Seperate reference tables (in1-to-many relationships with the transaction tables) are used for useraccess, markets, countries, clients, contributors, names, address, etc, inorder to minimize table maintenance and complicated screen inputs. Command-line batch jobs using SQL BULK INSERT we created to transfer databetween database servers. In six weeks we were ready to test the systems performance on a CompaqProliant 8500 class machine with 8 CPUs, 16GB memory, with external storagefor 200GB. We had